Carcinoma:

Carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin. It is a tumor that arises in the tissues that line the body's organs like the nose, the colon, the penis, breasts, prostrate, urinary bladder, and the ureter. About 80% of all cancer cases are carcinomas.The most common symptoms in esophageal carcinoma are dysphagia and weight loss. Pain can be a symptom of this disease. It can come from the growth of the tumor, be related to swallowing, or be related to metastases into the surrounding esophageal lymph nodes.The appearance of a skin lesion may indicate a squamous cell carcinoma. Blood in the urine, abnormal urine color, back pain, weight loss, enlargement of one testicle, all indicate the possibility of renal cell carcinoma.In routine physical exams, the doctor looks for anything unusual and feels for any lumps or growths. Specific screening tests, such as lab tests, x-rays, or other procedures, are used routinely for such types of cancer. Blood and urine tests give important information about a person's health. In some cases, special tests are used to measure the amount of certain substances, called tumor markers, in the blood, urine, or certain tissues. Tumor marker levels may be abnormal if certain types of cancer are present. However, lab tests alone cannot be used to diagnose cancer.An abdominal CT scan shows the kidney tumor and may show a liver mass. A chest X-ray may show mass in the chest. A bone scan may show involvement of the bones.